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Figleaf forum3/27/2023 In contrast, after 7 days of high-temperature treatment, except for the plant height, bitter-melon-grafted seedlings had significantly higher stem diameters and above-ground fresh and dry biomass weights than the self-grafted seedlings. The growth attributes such as plant height, fresh and dry weight of self-grafted plants showed significantly greater values in control plants than in bitter-melon-grafted plants, except for the stem diameter ( Table 1, Figure 1). Taken together, these results indicate that grafting with a resistant cultivar is a promising alternative tool for reducing stress-induced damage. However, these activities were significantly inhibited by polyamine synthesis inhibitors and H 2O 2 scavengers (dimethylthiourea, DMTU), indicating that bitter melon rootstock not only maintained better photosynthetic activity under conditions of high temperature stress but also mediated the production of H 2O 2 through the regulation of the high level of endogenous polyamines, thereby boosting the antioxidant defense system and comprehensively improving the heat tolerance of cucumber seedlings. Moreover, compared with other treatments, the bitter-melon-grafted seedlings maintained high levels of antioxidant enzyme activity under high temperature conditions. In addition, the use of polyamine synthesis inhibitors MGBG (methylglyoxal bis-guanylhydrazone) and D-Arg (D-arginine), further confirmed that the production of H 2O 2 under heat stress is mediated by the accumulation of endogenous polyamines. This increment was greater and more robust in bitter-melon-grafted seedlings. We measured the endogenous polyamine and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) contents to determine the inherent mechanism responsible for these effects, and the results showed that heat stress induced a transient increase in polyamines and H 2O 2 in the inner courtyard of grafted seedlings. Our results revealed that bitter-melon-grafted seedlings significantly relieved heat-induced growth inhibition and photoinhibition, maintained better photosynthesis activity, and accumulated a greater biomass than self-grafted seedlings. In this experiment, we explored the efficacy of bitter melon rootstock and how it regulates photosynthesis and the antioxidant defense system to alleviate heat stress (42 ☌/32 ☌) in cucumber. The use of heat-resistant rootstock grafting is a viable technique that is practiced globally to improve plant resistance towards abiotic stresses. High temperature is considered a critical abiotic stressor that is increasing continuously, which is severely affecting plant growth and development.
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